American travels : who might we be abroad?

We cannot undo how the rest of the world feels about us, but we can certainly represent ourselves as caring, respectful, and kind people. As individuals who have contact with others in the world, we can, one by one, show the rest of the world that we are not worthy of their hate

THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC RATS

Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus (T1DM) patients can develop insulin insensitivity partially due to the daily requirement of exogenous insulin. Regular exercise has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity (IS) partially though the increased expression of skeletal muscle GLUT4 and insulin receptor (IR) content. Although exercise is beneficial in increasing IS, exercise presents a problem in the T1DM population, as it leads to uncontrolled fluctuations in blood glucose (BG) concentrations. This study examined the effect of aerobic and resistance training exercises on IS and fluctuations in BG concentrations in T1DM rats. Fifty animals were randomly divided into 5 groups; control (C), control diabetic (CD), diabetic resistance exercised (DR), diabetic high intensity aerobic exercised (DH) and diabetic low intensity aerobic exercised (DL). CD, DR, DH and DL were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) and insulin pellets were subcutaneously implanted to maintain blood glucose concentrations between 9 and 15 mmol/L. DR climbed a ladder with weights secured to the tail; they performed 6-10 climbs per exercise bout and weights were increased every 3 days to ensure that rats were lifting maximal weight. They performed exercise bouts 5 days/week for 6 weeks. DH ran on a treadmill at 27 m/min and 6% grade, 1 hour/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. DL ran on a treadmill at 15 m/min and 6% grade, 1hour/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. At 3 and 6 weeks, BG clearance rates in all groups were lower than C (p\u3c0.05). At 6 weeks, DR, DH and DL also had greater BG clearance rates than CD (p\u3c0.05). IR protein content in the white gastrocnemius muscle (WG) was elevated in DH, compared to C and CD (p\u3c0.05), and in DL, compared to C, CD and DR (p\u3c0.05). GLUT4 protein content in the white portion of the vastus lateralis muscle was increased in DH, compared to CD and DL (p\u3c0.05), and in DR, compared to DL (p\u3c0.05), while CD and DL demonstrated a decrease in GLUT4, compared to C (p\u3c0.05). GLUT4 protein content in the red portion of the vastus lateralis was elevated in DH, compared to C, CD, DR and DL (p\u3c0.05). GLUT4 content in DL was lower than in C (p\u3c0.05). GLUT4 protein content in the WG was increased in DR, compared to CD and DL (p\u3c0.05) and in DH, compared to CD (p\u3c0.05). In the DR group, exercise lead to a significant drop in BG concentrations 1 hour post exercise, when compared to pre-exercise BG concentrations, at weeks 3 and 6 (p\u3c0.05). At weeks 3 and 6, DH experienced a significant drop in BG concentrations post-exercise, which restored to pre-exercise values at 45 and 75 minutes (p\u3c0.05). In week 3, DL experienced a decrease in BG concentrations for 2 hours post exercise (p\u3c0.05). In week 6 however, DL experienced an increase in BG concentrations at 30, 105 and 120 minutes post exercise (p\u3c0.05). To conclude, T1DM rodents exhibit insulin insensitivity, which was alleviated through regular exercise. In addition, different training modalities lead to different alterations in protein content and exercise induced fluctuations in BG concentrations. Specifically, aerobic exercise lead to immediate falls in BG, where as resistance exercise lead to a more gradual fall in BG concentrations

THEY BELIEVE THAT BECAUSE THEY ARE WOMEN, IT SHOULD BE EASIER FOR THEM. SUBTLE AND OVERT SEXISM TOWARD WOMEN IN STEM FROM SOCIAL MEDIA COMMENTARY

This study implemented a social media based content analysis to examine the subjective experiences and the current public perceptions of sexism in STEM fields. Participants included men and women who a) identified as either in STEM or not identified as in STEM and b) commented through Facebook on HuffPost Women articles about women in STEM. The analysis indicated that sexism remains an issue for women in STEM careers. Women in STEM identified several gender-based challenges that they have experienced; some participants discussed how they handled those challenges. Men both in and not in STEM were less likely to acknowledge and more likely to deny that sexism was a problem for women in STEM than were women participants. Though findings showed a high rate of supportive commentary from women, they also showed a substantial number of male commenters displaying overt sexism. The analysis helped identify a new form of sexism to the literature on subtle sexism: Threat to Masculinity. More specifically, both men and women were found to display overt sexism to men who supported women by utilizing gender based stereotypes to validate their claims and police gender roles. Findings from this study support the literature suggesting that sexism remains an issue that needs to be addressed; the analysis begins to build a theory about how such sexism is portrayed through social media commentary as an important arena of social and cultural debate. Current policies aimed at ending sexism/discrimination should be expanded to support and encourage women’s participation in STEM careers

Between the Seats

Cinema and Movie Theater spaces are dwindling in attendance, while community-gathering areas are thriving. Digital media platforms have taken over the need for an extra expense in the household. The goal of this project is to increase the community members\u27 attendance rate to their local theatre through the development of innovative design solutions that amplify social component of theatres. More specifically, the project aims to turn a local theatre complex into a community hub. Which will incorporate social spaces along with designated theatrical spaces that are responsive to emerging cultural, social, and technological demands via design. According to trend of the national statistics, the attendance rate of theatres has decreased drastically over the last 10-15 years. Due to technological advances, people now have more alternative resources. These opportunities allow them to watch movies virtually from anywhere. The discrepancy between responsiveness of the physical space to new demands and peoples\u27 preferences is growing. The stereotype design of the traditional theatrical spaces limits any customization per the needs of the audience or the nature of the performance. On the other hand, ability to flex design and acoustic features allows spatial reconfiguration by engaging audience, maximizing interaction and allowing audience to take the ownership of the space. This project aims to remove the dictating theater based program idea of the current design by assembling and incorporating flexible design features throughout the community hub including social spaces and designated acoustic spaces. This will be achieved by repurposing the existing local theatre building. While maximizing the indoor and outdoor connectivity, the parking lot will transform into a walkable green outdoor space that will also contain designated open-air acoustic spaces, as well as an underground drive in theater. Overall, it is not unrealistic to assume that in 5-10 year time period movie theatres will be fully discarded. Without any intervention, there will be no designated physical space for theatres. We need new design solutions to enhance the theatrical experience of community members

An Analysis of the Child Find Provision Due Process Hearings in Texas: Implications from the Special Education Cap

This legal qualitative content analysis described how special education due process hearing officers applied the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) child find provision since the 2016 federal citations. The study found that districts often violated child find by not evaluating each disability condition, either known or previously suspected. The hearing officer decisions were most often focused on: (a) timely referral and evaluation, (b) comprehensive evaluation, and (c) having a reason to suspect that the student has a disability in need of special education. The decisions were represented as: (a) issues held for the prevailing party, (b) child find prevailing party, and (c) relief granted. The trends in the decisions represented: (a) student eligibility, (b) Section 504, and (c) the predominant issues of identification and evaluation. The legal principles hearing officers were most often focused on were: (a) adequate progress with supports, (b) reason to suspect a disability in need of special education, and (c) timely and comprehensive evaluation. The findings suggest that students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and unspecified learning difficulties who receive Section 504 services are more likely than other eligibilities to violate the child find provision if they are not making academic, social, emotional, or behavioral progress with supports. The findings in this study provided the guidance that was lacking for Texas school districts to ensure compliance with IDEIA and recommendations to ensure students with disabilities are not denied free and appropriate public education, including critical areas that are most likely to be litigious. Keywords: child find, special education, evaluation, due process hearing, Performance-Based Monitoring and Analysis System, Section 504, individuals with disabilities education improvement ac

Exploring Perceptions of Staff Registered Nurse Preceptors for Undergraduate, Pre-licensure Nursing Students

Staff nurses are increasingly called upon to accept more responsibilities and roles in addition to provider of patient care, including that of preceptor. Aside from dealing with demands of high acuity patients, working long hours with inadequate staffing, and carrying heavy workloads, nurses may view teaching and supervising students as an additional burden, time-consuming, and not part of their role. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore staff nurse experiences as preceptors to undergraduate, pre-licensure nursing students. Emphasis was placed on exploring RN’s perceptions of the role, specifically the preparation for, support in, and understanding of what the role entails. The following question was used to guide the study: What are staff nurses’ experiences with precepting undergraduate, pre-licensure nursing students? A naturalistic inquiry within an interpretive paradigm guided this qualitative exploratory study. The sample consisted of nine licensed registered staff nurses with experience as preceptors in tertiary care settings in Northeast Tennessee. Most participants were currently working in or had worked in the role of preceptor for undergraduate nursing students within the past six months. All nine participants were female. Most participants were between the ages of 30-39. Participants were licensed as registered nurses anywhere from 2 to 14 years. Participants attended one of two focus groups lasting between 60-90 minutes each. A semi-structured interview guide assisted in data collection. Transcripts were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Findings suggest that while preceptors perceive information about teaching and learning styles to be beneficial, they did not perceive a formal class essential to preparing them for the preceptor role. Preceptors perceived most support from their co-workers and least support from nurse managers. Faculty seemed to be silent partners. The primary role function is Protector, with Socializer and Teacher as secondary role functions. Preceptors have a strong empathetic drive to protect students from negative experiences, to protect patients from harm, to protect their own professional identities, and to protect the nature of the nursing profession itself. Preceptors perceived students with overconfident attitudes as unsafe. Findings have significant implications for development of professional values in practice and education

Bone Flutes and Whistles from Archaeological Sites in Eastern North America

The purpose of this study was to systematically classify perforated bone tubes known as flutes or whistles which had been recovered from archaeological sites in eastern North America. A sample was established from specimens described in the literature and additional specimens examined by the author. Sizeable collections in the Rochester Museum and Science Center in Rochester, New York, and the Ohio State Museum in Columbus, Ohio, were measured and photographed by the author. Specimens were also viewed at the McClung Museum in Knoxville, Tennessee. A descriptive typology was constructed and spatial-temporal and functional correlations were tested against it. Spatial-temporal factors were seen to correlate most highly with factors of morphological construction as reflected in the typology. Functional factors correlated less directly with typological categories. Functional attributes were reviewed under the formal categories of functional performance, functional context and functional use. Under the third category, evidence for use of perforated bone tubes as game calls was found to support such a function in addition to the traditionally ascribed ceremonial function for these artifacts. No spatial-temporal correlations with functional factors could be discerned. The primary value of this study was in the typological description of a class of artifacts for the first time. Further research using a larger sample was recommended

Semi-direct Galois covers of the affine line

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$. Let $G$ be $Z/\ell Z$ semi-direct product $Z/pZ$ where $\ell$ is a prime distinct from $p$. In this paper, we study Galois covers $\psi:Z \to P^1_k$ ramified only over $\infty$ with Galois group $G$. We find the minimal genus of a curve $Z$ that admits such a cover and show that it depends only on $\ell$, $p$, and the order $a$ of $\ell$ modulo $p$. We also prove that the number of curves $Z$ of this minimal genus which admit such a cover is at most $(p-1)/a$.Comment: minor changes in the contex